Video Game Genres free essay sample

Game development or game design/business of game development What is game development? Game development is the usually concerned and extended process of creating a video game. Ordinary games are usually fund by a publisher. It takes more than a few years to develop. Indie games can obtain less time. It can be produced cheaply by persons and small developers. Game development Game development is the software improvement method by which a video game is created. Game development is a process that starts from a plan or thought. Often the plan is based on a alteration of an existing game idea. Designers frequently research with different combinations of genres. History of game development The initial games shaped had little diversion value. In 1970 commercial design and advance of games began. A very large amount of games could be produced by single persons, as games were easy to make because graphical and memory limitation did not allow for much content. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game Genres or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Game artist A game artist is a visual performer who creates video game art. The art construction is usually overseen by an art administrator or art direct; making sure his idea is followed. The art director manages the art team, preparation and coordinates with in the advance team. Game programmer A game programmer is a software engineer who mainly develops video games or related software. The games codebase development is handled by programmers. There are usually one to several lead programmers, who apply the games starting codebase and overview upcoming development and programmer share on individual modules. Game development process Game development is a software development method, as a video game is software with art, audio, and game play. Games are measured as a completely definite type of software, in which the programming code and wonderful design should work jointly with the enthusiasm and inscrutability. A game player wants to find him burly and stylish, to be a conqueror and a surveyor. Game Character Customization When programmer develops a game, he considered famous Game Character. A game hero is a main Character of the game. A famous game character is a Commander Shepard, Hawke, Saints Row, and the warden. We can say that game designers serve a role similar to that of a writer or director in a film. 3D Game maker The 3D Game maker is a computer application developed by The Game Creators that allows users to create vital shooter/adventure games for Microsoft Windows. Programming and art skills are not compulsory to develop Game maker games, but developers may optionally add custom media to their games using the Dark BASIC programming language. What is game development process? Game development is a software development method. Educational games are naturally developed by a team composed of programmers, artists, game designers, technical directors, subject matter experts (SME), and instructional designers. A game player wants to find him burly and stylish, to be a conqueror and a surveyor. Game Designer Game Designers are mainly to blame for defining the puzzles, rules, and rewards that will be enjoyable and demanding to the player and then given that the production team with a roadmap that is specific enough for them to create a game that lives up to the game envisioned by the designers. Game design Game design is a related subject of a game development. It is the process of designing the content and rules of a game in the pre-production step and design of game play, environment, storyline, and characters during making stage. Game design starts with a plan, frequently an adjustment on an obtainable idea. Activities of a game programmer Game programmers write the code to make the game. They naturally have a background in Computer Science and job in highly particular fields. It is ordinary to have different programmers in charge of artificial intelligence (AI), description, networking, I/O, and game play code. Teams that that have a single programmer taking care of all of these areas tend to produce inferior games. What is Subject Matter Experts (SME? ) Subject Matter Experts are in charge for providing the instructional content for the game. It is their primary responsibility to identify the learning objectives for the game, supply metrics for evaluation, and to help to identify instructional strategies for game. Game design process The design process varies from designer to designer and companies. We can say that game designers serve a role similar to that of a writer or director in a film. Their vision drives the rest of the production process. Designers may manage focus testing, report art and audio asset lists, and write game citations. Game design document A game design document is a highly expressive living design document of the game design for a video game. The document is created by the developer team as result of partnership between their designers, artists and programmers as a guiding apparition which is used all through the game development process. Game programmer means A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebase for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines all of which fall under the umbrella term of game programmer. Game engine programmer Game engine programmers create the base engine of the game, including the simulated physics and graphics disciplines. A game engine is a system designed for the creation and development of video games. The leading game engines provide a software framework that developers use to create games for video game consoles and personal computers. Game engine A game engine is a system designed for the formation and progress of video games. A game engine is a system designed for the creation and development of video games. Game engine programmers create the base engine of the game, including the simulated physics and graphics disciplines. Game’s physics programmer A games physics programmer is dedicated to developing the physics a game will employ. Classically, a game will only replicate a few aspects of real-world physics. For example, a space game may need simulated gravity, but would not have any need for simulating water stickiness. Game Sound programmer Sound programming has been a support of game programming. A lot of games use advanced techniques such as 3D positional sound, making audio programming a non-trivial matter. With these games, one or two programmers may contribute all their time to construction and refining the games sound engine, and sound programmers may be trained or have a formal background in digital signal processing. Game play programmer A game play programmer focuses more on a games strategy, implementation of the games mechanics and logic, and the feel of a game. This programmer may implement strategy tables, tweak input code, or adjust other factors that alter the game. Many of these aspects may be altered by programmers who specialize in these areas. Graphics engine programmer A 3D graphics programmer must have a firm grasp of advanced mathematical concepts such as vector and matrix math, quaternion and linear algebra. Some 2D graphics skills have just recently become useful again, though, for developing games for the new generation of cell phones, PDAs and handheld game consoles. Artificial intelligence programmer An AI programmer develops the logic of the game to reproduce cleverness in enemies and opponents. An AI programmer may program path finding, strategy and enemy tactic systems. This is one of the most challenging aspects of game programming and its complexity is developing quickly. Network programmer This programmer writes code that allows players to compete or cooperate together, connected via a LAN or the Internet. Programmers implementing these game features can spend all their time in this one role, which is often careful one of the most technically challenging. Game tools programmer The Game tools programmer can make game development heaven or unbearably difficult. Tools are used on almost every game for tasks such as scripting, importing or converting art, modifying behaviors or building levels. Some tools, such as an IDE, 3D graphics modeling software and Photoshop are COTS products, but many tools are specific to the game and are custom programmed. Technology programmer The technology programmer is more likely to be found in larger development studios with specific departments. Unlike other members of the programming team, the technology programmer usually isnt tied to a specific project or type of development for an extended length of time, and they will typically report directly to a CTO or department head rather than a game producer. Graphics engine programmer Who developed specialized bitter algorithms and clever optimizations for 2D graphics it’s called Graphics engine programmer. It is almost exclusively applied to programmers who specialize in developing and modifying complex 3D graphic renderers. A 3D graphics programmer must have a firm grasp of advanced mathematical concepts such as vector and matrix math, quaternions and linear algebra. Business of game development Business is an important part of making games and the legal aspects have also become significant. There are four basic areas of the development team: design, programming, art, and level building, which are supported by production, Quality Assurance, customer service, sound design, marketing, business development, etc. Books to help get me into the Game Development business So I want to get into the game development business. Im currently reading Beginning C++ through Game Programming by Michael Dawson, it’s awesome and really easy to follow, but I do need to go back on myself sometimes. The question I have to ask is, after reading this book, are there any other good C++ Programming books I should read, and then after that, what do I go onto next? Windows programming is what I have to do next I think, then after that an API like OpenGL, I would just like a list of good books that will take me through each of these phases. Game development Business It totally depends on what area of game development you want to get into. There are four basic areas of the development team: design, programming, art, and level building, which are supported by production, Quality Assurance, customer service, sound design, marketing, business development, etc. Designers write up the details of every tiny aspect of the game and come up with the math to support it. Programmers take the written details from the designers and implement it using programming languages like C++ and/or in-house tools. Artists create the 3D art, animations, textures, etc for everything in the game. Game design software? SDL OpenG, OpenGlut, Glut, freeGlut, openAl, pygame, python and opengl are the Game design software. You also make 3d game to using this software. Video game graphics A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions such as the giving out power of central or graphics processing units. Side-scrolling game A side-scrolling game or side-scrolled is a video game in which the viewpoint is taken from the side, and the onscreen characters normally move from the left side of the screen to the right. Games of this type make use of scrolling computer display technology, and from time to time parallax scrolling to suggest added depth. 3D graphics With the advent of 3D accelerated graphics , video games could expand beyond the classically sprite-based 2D graphics of older graphics technologies to describe a view frequently more true to reality and lifelike than their predecessors. Perspective projection has also been used in some earlier titles to present a 3D view from a fixed point of view with an incomplete ability to move. Adventure game An adventure game is a video game in which the player assumes the role of protagonist in an interactive story driven by exploration and puzzle-solving instead of physical challenge. Adventure games contain a variety of puzzles, such as decoding messages, finding and using items, opening locked doors, or finding and exploring new locations. Puzzle video game Puzzle games focus on logical and conceptual challenges, although occasionally the games add time-pressure or other action-elements. An action puzzle or arcade puzzle requires that the player manipulates game pieces in a real-time environment, often on a single screen and with a time limit, to solve the puzzle or clear the level. Arcade game An arcade game is a coin-operated entertainment machine, usually installed in public businesses, such as restaurants, bars, and particularly amusement arcades. Most arcade games are video games, pinball machines, electro-mechanical games, redemption games, and merchandisers. Action game Action game is a video game genre that emphasizes physical challenges, including hand–eye coordination and reaction-time. The genre includes diverse subgenres such as fighting games, shooter games, and platform games, which are widely considered the most important action games, though some real-time strategy games are also considered to be action games. Game Sprockets Game Sprockets is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) supporting gaming on the classic Mac OS. It consisted of four main parts, DrawSprocket, InputSprocket, SoundSprocket and NetSprocket, each providing a library of pre-rolled routines for common gaming tasks. SpeechSprocket was a relabelled version of the Speech Recognition Manager that provided speech recognition support, and QuickDraw 3D RAVE provided 3D hardware acceleration. Game Level designer A level designer is a person who creates levels, challenges or missions for computer and/or video games using a specific set of programs. These programs may be commonly available commercial 3D or 2D design programs, or specially designed and tailored level editors made for a specific game. Prototype of game play Writing prototypes of game play ideas and features is an important activity that allows programmers and game designers to experiment with different algorithms and usability scenarios for a game. A great deal of prototyping may take place during pre-production before the design document is complete and may, in fact, help determine what features the design specifies. Independent games Independent games or indie games are produced by individuals and small teams with no large-scale developer or publisher affiliations. Indie developers generally rely on Internet distribution schemes. Many hobbyist indie developers create mods of existing games. Indie developers are credited for creative game ideas. Micromanagement (game play) In gaming, micromanagement describes minor, detailed game play elements that must be manually addressed by the player. It appears in a wide range of games including strategy video games, construction and management simulations and pet-raising simulations. Micromanagement has been perceived in different ways by game designers and players for many years: some players and designers perceive it as a useful addition to games that adds options and technique to the game play, and one that is necessary if the game is to support top-level competitions; and some enjoy opportunities to use tactical skill in combat games; other gamers regard it as an unwelcomed distraction from higher levels of strategic thinking, dislike having to do a lot of detailed work, and some games try to minimize micromanagement in the game interfaces. Game design document A game design document is a highly expressive living design document of the game design for a video game. The document is created by the developer team as result of collaboration between their designers, artists and programmers as a guiding vision which is used throughout the game development process. Video game publisher A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that they have either developed internally or have had developed by a video game developer. As with book publishers or publishers of DVD movies, video game publishers are responsible for their products manufacturing and marketing, including market research and all aspects of advertising. How to Become a Video Game Developer? Video games have inspired an entire generation of people to spend countless hours in front of their computers. Theres a variety of activities to enjoy such as solving puzzles, stealing cars and defeating all manner of creatures. Turn that interest into a career by becoming a video game developer. Good math skills, an eye for design and a knack for storytelling combine to make the perfect candidate to be a video game developer. Java Game Development Tools Javas strong object-oriented philosophy and powerful suite of classes to solve many fundamental computer science problems means that it is often the first language a new computer programmer learns. And since an aspiring game developer lurks hidden in the hearts of most young new programmers, it is often the first language used to write a game. How to Develop Board Games Creating and making your own board game can be as much fun as playing it. Bringing your game idea from imagination into reality is easy and fun. Invite others to collaborate and you expand your possibilities. Web Game Development Tools Before you can start making a web game, you need the right tools. These tools allow you to create your games and debug them before you publish them to the web. These web game development tools provide you with the means to create 3D and Flash games. Most of these programs require a fee. How to Start a Video Game Company Determine the games your company is going to develop. Developing for consoles requires a different set of hardware than developing strictly for PC gaming. Spend time researching development programs such as Adobe Photoshop for creating 2D art and Blender for building 3D models. Know that games are created using the C++ programming language, which should be taken into account when obtaining tools. Cell Phone Game Development Mobile-based gaming is one of the fastest-developing niches in the game development industry as of 2010. Games previously available only in black and white are now real-time multiplayer games. The growth of Apples iPhone game development industry since its release in 2007 is a major factor in the mobile gaming explosion.

Free Essays on Drunk Driving

Alcohol and Driving Imagine being in a bar with a few of your good friends. Everyone is drinking and having a good time. Your are going to leave and go home, but you friends won't let you because they know the dangers of driving after having a few drinks. Instead they ca ll a cab to give you a ride home. You would be extremely lucky to have such smart friends. Drunk driving is a very serious problem in our society today, but it is becomming socially unacceptable causing the numbers of alcohol related traffic fatalites t o decline considerably. Drunk driving can be very deadly. Yet many people drive while under the influence everyday. Drivers who are drunk are blamed for the loss of as many as twentyfive thousand lives in highway crashes each year and hundreds of thousands of severe injurys. It is thought that drunk drivers have a long history of doing this and many prior arrests. In addition, most of those killed are just innocent victims whose behavior did not contibute to their deaths. These last two statements are both false. On aver age a drunk driver that kills has never been involved in a alcohol related accident before and have no proir convictions for drunk driving. The part about the people killed are just innocent bistanders is overaggerated also. Most of the drunk drivers v ictims are the drivers themselves, their often passengers, and the drunken pedestrains and cyclists. Despite this drunk driving is still very dangerous. It is the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in America today. In fact it is said that ab out 40 % of the population will be involved in a alcohol related crash during their life. Drunk driving is especially dangerous to young people, who seem to be more involved than others. Drunk driving is the number one cause of death among y oung people, accounting for 20% of all deaths from ages 15 to 20. Drunk driving is such a hard thing to overcome though. In our society alcolol is overwhel... Free Essays on Drunk Driving Free Essays on Drunk Driving Alcohol and Driving Imagine being in a bar with a few of your good friends. Everyone is drinking and having a good time. Your are going to leave and go home, but you friends won't let you because they know the dangers of driving after having a few drinks. Instead they ca ll a cab to give you a ride home. You would be extremely lucky to have such smart friends. Drunk driving is a very serious problem in our society today, but it is becomming socially unacceptable causing the numbers of alcohol related traffic fatalites t o decline considerably. Drunk driving can be very deadly. Yet many people drive while under the influence everyday. Drivers who are drunk are blamed for the loss of as many as twentyfive thousand lives in highway crashes each year and hundreds of thousands of severe injurys. It is thought that drunk drivers have a long history of doing this and many prior arrests. In addition, most of those killed are just innocent victims whose behavior did not contibute to their deaths. These last two statements are both false. On aver age a drunk driver that kills has never been involved in a alcohol related accident before and have no proir convictions for drunk driving. The part about the people killed are just innocent bistanders is overaggerated also. Most of the drunk drivers v ictims are the drivers themselves, their often passengers, and the drunken pedestrains and cyclists. Despite this drunk driving is still very dangerous. It is the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths in America today. In fact it is said that ab out 40 % of the population will be involved in a alcohol related crash during their life. Drunk driving is especially dangerous to young people, who seem to be more involved than others. Drunk driving is the number one cause of death among y oung people, accounting for 20% of all deaths from ages 15 to 20. Drunk driving is such a hard thing to overcome though. In our society alcolol is overwhel... Free Essays on Drunk Driving 1) There were three national strategies to combat impaired driving that was presented by Chuck Hayes. The three national strategies are: â€Å"High Visibility Enforcement, â€Å"Training more Prosecutors on Alcohol and Screening and Brief Intervention.†(Hayes). The first strategy, high visibility enforcement is sending a message to drivers. This message is to fear arrest, show strict sanctions if caught and jail time/ license suspension, and car impoundment. Strategy two would train prosecutors on alcohol and drugs. This would train them how they can improve the system. For example, sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, drug evaluation and classification program, roadside breathe testing, and Per Se Laws such as .08 and above is Oregon’s legally impaired limit to drive. Strategy three is screening and brief intervention which would question if a person is at risk 2) The legal definition of impaired driving is if you can be found guilty of drunk driving, also called driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI), if the state can prove either that you are legally intoxicated while driving, meaning that your body shows alcohol levels above a state-mandated limit. The most common level is .10 percent, as determined by a blood test or breath test, though in some states the level is lower. (In Colorado, for instance you are legally impaired if your alcohol level is .05 percent.) For drivers of commercial vehicles, the level may is usually .05 and lower. Some drugs that also affect impairment are, â€Å"hallucinogens which are drugs that cause hallucinations, Phencycidine(PCP) which slows down the thought process among many other things, narcotic analgesics which are pain relievers that are very closely related to heroin, Inhalants which are fumes that can be inhaled from gasoline, whip cream bottles, and the last drug Cannab is which is Hash oil or Marijuana.† (Rutledge) 3) Five main points from Nigel Wrangham’s p... Free Essays on Drunk Driving Fatal Alcohol Accidents Your three children are asleep in the room next to you and you’re still up waiting for your husband to come home from his second shift job. Then the phone rings and an unfamiliar voice says, â€Å"Mrs. Smith? Is your husband Jerry Michael Smith†¦ Ma’am, I’m sorry to be the one to tell you this but your husband was killed in a motor vehicle accident. We would like for you to come down to the station.† Every year thousands of homes receive the same phone call, approximately three out of every ten (FARS 2000). According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the number of fatal alcohol related accidents have gone down since 1980, yet, there are still too many lives being taken away. In order to prevent these accidents, laws must become more strict. In other words, setting up random sobriety check points, longer suspension of the offenders license, or even going as far as impounding the vehicles of repeat offenders. In many cities people are accustomed to being subject to random sobriety checkpoints, although maybe not enough. Some people only see these checkpoints during holidays such as, New Years Eve or the Fourth of July, yet, what about the other times that most alcohol related accidents occur. According to FARS, during the time between midnight and 2:40am, cities render 87% of the total alcohol related accidents(2000). Setting up checkpoints at frequently used intersections and in areas around bars could reduce the number of intoxicated drivers and cause more of a need for designated drivers. Although some people would resent the increase in taxes due to the increase in men the police stations would have to provide to run the checkpoints. By setting up these random checks more often it would also reduce the number of police officers out on patrol, which inevitably could cause more violence in other places. After most DUI or DWI convictions the offender usually has to f...

Cómo llenar la planilla I-130 para pedir a cónyuge

Cà ³mo llenar la planilla I-130 para pedir a cà ³nyuge  ¿Eres un ciudadano que quieres reclamar una tarjeta de residencia para tu esposo/a que se encuentra en otro paà ­s? Explicacià ³n paso a paso de la planilla (forma)  I-130 para estos casos.   Pedir la residencia para un cà ³nyuge extranjero de un ciudadano americano es un proceso con mà ºltiples pasos. Todo se inicia presentando una peticià ³n al Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en ingles). Esta peticià ³n implica llenar varias planillas y enviar copias de documentos. Pero el papel fundamental es el I-130. A continuacià ³n sigue una explicacià ³n detallada de quà © debes responder en cada pregunta del formulario, adaptado para el caso de que se trate de un ciudadano americano que reclama una tarjeta de residencia para su esposo/a y à ©ste est en el extranjero. Explicacià ³n paso a paso de cà ³mo llenar la planilla I-130 cuando un ciudadano reclama a un cà ³nyuge que se encuentra en el extranjero.   (En el à ºltimo prrafo podrs encontrar un enlace directo a la planilla I-130, que podrs descargarte gratuitamente - nunca pagues por un formulario del USCIS, son siempre gratis). Esta planilla tiene dos hojas.   Primera hoja: No escribas nada en la parte superior donde pone: DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BLOCK Baja el cursor hasta donde veas la letra A en mayà ºscula seguido de la palabra Relationship. Aquà ­ tà º, el ciudadano americano, debes contestar a tres preguntas. En la 1 marca con una x la opcià ³n husband/wife, ya que ests reclamando a  tu cà ³nyugeEn la 2 pregunta si tu cà ³nyuge y tà º ests emparentados por adopcià ³n. Marca No, a menos que eso no sea el caso.En la 3 pregunta si te hiciste residente por adopcià ³n. Marca Sà ­ o No, segà ºn sea tu caso. A continuacià ³n vers que el la pgina se divide  (de un modo no muy claro) en dos columnas. La primera, bajo la letra B, en la que debes completar informacià ³n sobre ti, que eres el ciudadano. En la columna de enfrente, que comienza con la letra C en mayà ºscula, sobre tu esposo/a extranjero. Vers que las preguntas de la 1 a la 12 para ambos y simplemente hay que contestar lo que corresponda a cada uno. Pregunta 1. Nombre, empezando por el apellido (en mayà ºsculas), seguido por el primer nombre y el segundo, si lo hubiera. Por ejemplo: RODRIGUEZ   Marà ­a Luz. Escribir el del ciudadano y en la columna de enfrente el del  cà ³nyuge Pregunta 2. La direccià ³n de cada uno en el momento actual.   Pregunta 3. Lugar de nacimiento, colocando primero la ciudad y luego el paà ­s. Por ejemplo: si Madrid, Spain y lo que corresponda  para tu esposo/a. Pregunta 4: Fecha de nacimiento. Escribirla poniendo dos dà ­gitos para el mes seguido del dà ­a y cuatro dà ­gitos para el aà ±o. Por ejemplo, para escribir el 24 de septiembre de 1967 hay que poner 09/24/1967. Pregunta 5: Gà ©nero, marcando male si se es hombre y female si se es mujer. Nota: desde junio de 2013 los matrimonios homosexuales y de lesbianas tienen beneficios migratorios como los de las parejas heterosexuales, con lo que es posible marcar en las dos columnas la opcià ³n de varà ³n o la de mujer.   Pregunta 6: Marcar married, ya que à ©sta se trata de una peticià ³n que americano realiza para su esposo/a extranjero. Pregunta 7: Otros nombres. Por ejemplo, si se han utilizado legalmente otros apellidos, como puede ser en el caso de mujeres que han estado casadas previamente utilizando el apellidos de sus anteriores maridos, o casos en los que ha habido una adopcià ³n y se usado dos nombres, etc. Si siempre se han utilizado los mismos y jams ha habido un cambio entonces hay que escribir None (no dejar en blanco). Pregunta 8: Fecha y lugar del matrimonio actual. Por ejemplo, si te casaste en Lima el 27 de julio de 2013 escribir 07/27/2013   Lima, Peru. Pregunta 9: escribe en tu columna tu  Nà ºmero del Seguro Social. En la columna de tu  esposo/a escribir None, salvo en casos muy concretos en que tuviera uno (de los de verdad) porque en el pasado estuvo viviendo en EEUU y obtuvo uno legalmente, ponerlo.   Pregunta 10: Escribir None tanto en tu columna como en la de tu cà ³nyuge. Puede que en el pasado tuvieras uno alien registration number, si en el pasado fuiste un residente permanente legal. Pero ahora eres un ciudadano, asà ­ que debes contestar None. En el caso de tu esposo/a, en la mayorà ­a de los casos la respuesta es None. Pero puede suceder que en el pasado hubiera tenido uno, por la razà ³n que fuera. En ese caso, anotarlo. Pregunta 11: Si has estado casado previamente, escribir el nombre de la persona que fue tu marido o tu mujer. Y lo mismo en la columna de tu cà ³nyuge. Si uno de ustedes o los dos nunca han estado casados escribir None (sà ³lo  matrimonios legales, vivir juntos no cuenta). Pregunta 12: Poner la fecha en la que el anterior matrimonio/s acabaron. Por ejemplo, si te divorciaste el 3 de agosto de 2007 escribir 08/03/2007. El matrimonio pudo finalizar por divorcio, nulidad o viudedad. Fà ­jate que hay espacio para poner ms de un matrimonio anterior, si ese fuera el caso. A partir de aquà ­ ya no contestas por ti y por tu cà ³nyuge a las mismas preguntas, sino que son diferentes. Pregunta 13: En la columna del ciudadano, te preguntan cà ³mo te convertiste en  estadounidense. Marca una x en birth in the US si naciste en Estados Unidos o uno de sus territorios, como Puerto Rico. Marca Naturalizacià ³n si fuiste residente permanente y te convertirse en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n. En este caso necesitas tener a mano el certificado de ciudadanà ­a que te dieron en la ceremonia y anotar el nà ºmero y la fecha y el lugar en el que te lo dieron.    Por à ºltimo, marca la opcià ³n parents si eres ciudadano por  ser hijo de estadounidense, aunque naciste en otro paà ­s o si te convertirse en uno cuando tu pap o tu mam se naturalizaron y tà º ya eras residente permanente, vivà ­as con ellos y eras menor de edad. Si marcas parents no te olvides de especificar si tienes certificado de ciudadanà ­a, marcando la casilla correspondiente y anotando su nà ºmero y fecha y lugar en el que fue emitido.   Pregunta 13: pregunta sobre el cà ³nyuge para el que se pide la residencia: Hay que seà ±alar con un sà ­ o un no si la persona ha estado alguna vez en Estados Unidos, como por ejemplo, de turista, de estudiante, etc.   Pregunta 14: La parte del ciudadano consta de dos subpreguntas, la primera hay que contestar N/A, es decir, no aplicable, ya que sà ³lo tendrà ­as que contestarla si fueses residente permanente. Y no lo eres, ya que ests rellenando una aplicacià ³n como ciudadano americano.  Justo debajo de esa pregunta, donde pone 14b, debes contestar sà ­ o no a si obtuviste la residencia por matrimonio con un ciudadano o un residente. La respuesta es no: Si has nacido en Estados Unidos o Puerto RicoSi eres americano por tus padresSi eres americano por naturalizacià ³n, pero la tarjeta de residencia que tuviste anteriormente la obtuviste por trabajo, por ser hermano, hijo, padre o madre de un ciudadano o por ser hijo de un residente permanente legal Por el contrario, debes marcar la  respuesta de sà ­ (donde pone Yes), en el caso de ser ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n siempre y cuando  antes sacaste tu greencard por matrimonio. Pregunta 14 para el esposo para el que se pide la tarjeta. Como à ©sta es una aplicacià ³n para pedir a un esposo que est fuera de Estados Unidos, esta pregunta no aplica y por lo tanto hay que contestar N/A donde pone He or she arrived as a: Adems, hay que dejar sin escribir nada en las dos là ­neas siguientes y pasar directamente a la pregunta siguiente. Pregunta 15: sà ³lo aplica al esposo extranjero. Pregunta nombre de la empresa para la que trabaja en la actualidad. Poner el nombre o responder N/A si no est trabajando. Y en la là ­nea siguiente poner la fecha en la que se empezà ³ a trabajar en esa compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Pregunta 16: es muy importante contestar correctamente y la verdad a esta pregunta. Si el esposo extranjero para el que se pide el permiso de residencia ha estado previamente en Estados Unidos es posible que haya tenido un procedimiento de  inmigracià ³n. Contestar honestamente no o sà ­, segà ºn sea la respuesta correcta. Y si la contestacià ³n es afirmativa, entonces poner dà ³nde (where) y cundo (when) y justo debajo con un aspa en forma de cruz (x) marcar la casilla correspondiente.    ¿Cundo marcar Removal? Cuando con posterioridad al abril de 1997 la persona fue deportada o se le prohibià ³ la entrada en Estados Unidos y se la expulsà ³. Por ejemplo, llegà ³ a la aduana con una visa y se la envià ³ de vuelta al paà ­s del que venà ­a porque el oficial de inmigracià ³n considerà ³ que era inadmisible. O cuando un juez ordenà ³ una deportacià ³n. O cuando cruzà ³ ilegalmente la frontera, fue agarrada y se la expulsà ³.  ¿Cundo marcar Exclusion/deportation? En los mismos casos seà ±alados en el prrafo anterior sobre removal, pero cuando tuvieron lugar antes de abril de 1997.  ¿Cundo marcar rescission?  Cuando se ha tenido una tarjeta de residencia (greencard) y un juez de inmigracià ³n decidià ³ quitrsela.  ¿Cundo marcar judicial proceedings? Cuando se ha tenido un trmite de cualquier tipo ante una corte de inmigracià ³n.   Si la persona para la que se pide la tarjeta ha sido deportada, expulsada o ha tenido un caso ante un juez de inmigracià ³n entonces es muy conveniente consultar con un abogado antes de seguir y enviar la aplicacià ³n, para analizar con detenimiento las circunstancias del caso. Recordar que estos casos de deportacià ³n tienen una penalidad. Pasar a la pgina siguiente, que es la nà ºmero dos y à ºltima Desde la parte superior hasta aproximadamente la mitad de pgina se desarrolla la seccià ³n C, donde se pide informacià ³n sobre el cà ³nyuge extranjero. Pregunta 17: Hay que enumerar el nombre del esposo/a americano  y el de todos los hijos que tenga el  esposo/a extranjero para el que se pide la tarjeta de residencia,  tanto biolà ³gicos como adoptados, tanto nacidos en matrimonio o fuera de à ©l. No importa ni la edad de los hijos, ni si estn casados o solteros y si se piensa pedirlos para que emigren a Estados Unidos o no. Lo à ºnico que hay que hacer es poner el nombre de TODOS los hijos que tiene el esposo extranjero.  Adems, hay que especificar el tipo de parentesco, la fecha y paà ­s de nacimiento. Ejemplo, eres una mujer ciudadana y pides a tu esposo, que tienes dos hijos de una relacià ³n anterior y un hijastro fruto de un matrimonio anterior. Habrà ­a que rellenar este apartado asà ­: Marà ­a Luz Rodrà ­guez (es decir, tu nombre), wife (o husband, si eres un hombre)   09/24/1967 Spain (este serà ­a el nombre y los datos del ciudadano americano que hace la peticià ³n)Isabel Fernndez Iglesias daughter   04/18/2009 (hija del esposo extranjero)Diego Fernndez Iglesias son   07/27/2010 (hijo del esposo extranjero)Fernando Snchez Iglesias stepson 12/12/2004 (hijastro del esposo extranjero) Pregunta 18: La direccià ³n en Estados Unidos donde vivirà ­a tu esposo/a, una vez que saque la tarjeta de residencia. Obviamente, al tratarse de un matrimonio, tienes que poner tu direccià ³n. Pregunta 19: La direccià ³n de tu esposo/a en el paà ­s en el que reside actualmente. Tambià ©n escribir el nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Pregunta 20: responder N/A, ya que sà ³lo aplica a personas que utilizan un alfabeto distinto al nuestro, como por ejemplo los chinos, los griegos o los rabes. Pregunta 21: Si has compartido casa con tu esposo/a, escribe la direccià ³n y la fecha de inicio y de fin de esa convivencia. Posiblemente tengas que contestar N/A, si es que nunca habà ©is vivido juntos. Pregunta 22: La respuesta es N/A porque ests pidiendo los papeles para tu cà ³nyuge que est en el extranjero. Y esta pregunta sà ³lo aplica si es que tu esposo/a est ya en Estados Unidos y va a aplicar por un ajuste de estatus. Las siguientes dos preguntas corresponden al apartado D y son las siguientes Pregunta 1: si adems de por tu esposo/a ests enviando ms peticiones para hijos o hijastros, debes decir a quià ©n ms pides (que necesariamente tiene que ser en otra peticià ³n separada) y cul es la relacià ³n. Por ejemplo, si tambià ©n pides a la hija de tu marido, poner su nombre y aà ±adir la palabra stepdaughter, que es hijastra, que es la relacià ³n que tiene contigo. Pregunta 2: Tienes que contestar sà ­ o no si has realizado una peticià ³n de tarjeta de residencia con anterioridad, para tu cà ³nyuge o para otra persona. Si contestas sà ­ debes poner su nombre, el lugar y la fecha en la que realizaste la peticià ³n y el resultado. Por ejemplo, pediste a tu hermano hace dos aà ±os. Entonces marca la casilla de yes y en la là ­nea siguiente escribe los datos que te piden. Por ejemplo, si yo hubiera pedido a mi hermano hace diez aà ±os y la peticià ³n fue aprobada escribirà ­a: Carlos Rodrà ­guez, Vermont, 03/05/2003 Approved Apartado E. del I-130 Debes firmar a mano (por lo que despuà ©s de acabar de llenar todo el formulario procede a imprimir y acuà ©rdate de firmar en ese momento) Antes de imprimir,  poner la fecha en la que has cumplimentado la planilla y  tu nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Finalmente el apartado F sà ³lo aplica en los casos en los que otra persona haya rellenado por ti esta planilla, como una agencia o un abogado.  ¿Cà ³mo saber si el USCIS ha recibido la solicitud y si la ha aprobado? Para estos efectos, el USCIS se comunica enviando al solicitante unos documentos conocidos como NOA1 y NOA2.  ¿quà © son y quà © informacià ³n comunican? Planilla que necesitas Descarga gratis el I-130.  Adems, enviar toda la documentacià ³n necesaria de apoyo y si est en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s, se debe certificar la traduccià ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England

Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England Catherine Howard (c. 1523–February 13, 1542) was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. During her brief marriage, she was officially the Queen of England. Howard was beheaded for adultery and unchastity in 1542. Fast Facts: Catherine Howard Known For: Howard was briefly the Queen of England; her husband Henry VIII ordered her to be beheaded for adultery.Born: 1523 in London, EnglandParents: Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce CulpeperDied: February 13, 1542 in London, EnglandSpouse: King Henry VIII (m. 1540) Early Life Catherine Howard was born in London, England, sometime around 1523. Her parents were  Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce Culpeper. In 1531, through the influence of his niece Anne Boleyn, Edmund Howard obtained a position as comptroller for Henry VIII in Calais. When her father went to Calais, Catherine Howard was placed in the care of Agnes Tilney, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, her fathers stepmother.  Howard lived with Agnes Tilney at Chesworth House and then at Norfolk House. She was one of many young nobles sent to live under Agnes Tilneys supervision- and that supervision was notably loose.  Howards education, which included reading and writing and music, was directed by Tilney. Youthful Indiscretions About 1536, while living with Tilney at Chesworth House, Howard had a sexual relationship with a music tutor, Henry Manox (Mannox or Mannock). Tilney reportedly struck Howard when she caught the two together. Manox followed her to Norfolk House and tried to continue a relationship. Manox was eventually replaced in young Howards affections by Frances Dereham, a secretary and relative. Howard shared a bed at the Tilney home with Katherine Tilney, and the two were visited a few times in their bedchamber by Dereham and Edward Malgrave, a cousin of Henry Manox, Howards former love. Howard and Dereham apparently did consummate their relationship, reportedly calling each other husband and wife and promising marriage- what to the church amounted to a contract of marriage. Manox heard gossip of the relationship and jealously reported it to Agnes Tilney. When Dereham saw the warning note, he guessed it had been written by Manox, which implies that Dereham knew of Howards relationship with him.  Tilney again struck her granddaughter for her behavior and sought to end the relationship. Howard was sent to court, and  Dereham went to Ireland. At Court Howard was to serve as a lady in waiting to Henry VIIIs newest (fourth) queen, Anne of Cleves, soon to arrive in England. This assignment was probably arranged by her uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and one of Henrys advisors.  Anne of Cleves arrived in England in December 1539, and Henry may have first seen Howard at that event. At court, she caught the kings attention, as he was quite quickly unhappy in his new marriage. Henry started courting Howard, and by May was publicly giving her gifts. Anne complained of this attraction to the ambassador from her homeland. Marriage Henry had his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled on July 9, 1540. He then married Catherine Howard on July 28, generously bestowing jewelry and other expensive gifts on his much-younger and attractive bride. On their wedding day, Thomas Cromwell, who had arranged the marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves, was executed. Howard was publicly made queen on August 8. Early the next year, Howard began a flirtation- perhaps more- with one of Henrys favorites, Thomas Culpeper, who was also a distant relative on her mothers side and who had a reputation for lechery. Arranging their clandestine meetings was Howards lady of the privy chamber, Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, widow of George Boleyn who had been executed with his sister Anne Boleyn. Only Lady Rochford and Katherine Tilney were permitted into Howards rooms when Culpeper was present. Whether Culpeper and Howard were lovers or whether she was pressured by him but did not acquiesce to his sexual advances is unknown. Howard was even more reckless than to pursue that relationship; she brought her old lovers Manox and Dereham to court as well, as her musician and secretary. Dereham bragged about their relationship, and she may have made the appointments in an attempt to silence them about their past. Charges On November 2, 1541, Cranmer confronted Henry with the allegations about Howards indiscretions. Henry at first did not believe the allegations. Dereham and Culpeper confessed to their part in these relationships after being tortured, and Henry abandoned Howard. Cranmer zealously pursued the case against Howard. She was charged with unchastity before her marriage and with concealing her precontract and her indiscretions from the king before their marriage, thereby committing treason. She was also accused of adultery, which for a queen consort was also treason. A number of Howards relatives were also questioned about her past, and some were charged with treasonous acts for concealing her sexual past. These relatives were all pardoned, though some lost their property. On November 23, Howards title of queen was stripped from her. Culpeper and Dereham were executed on December 10 and their heads displayed on London Bridge. Death On January 21, 1542, Parliament passed a bill of attainder making Howards actions an executable offense. She was taken to the Tower of London on February 10, Henry signed the bill of attainder, and she was executed on the morning of February 13. Like her cousin Anne Boleyn, also beheaded for treason, Howard was buried without any marker in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula. During Queen Victorias reign in the 19th century, both bodies were exhumed and identified, and their resting places were marked. Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, was also beheaded. She was  buried with Howard. Legacy Historians and scholars have struggled to reach a consensus about Howard, with some describing her as a deliberate troublemaker and others characterizing her as an innocent victim of King Henrys rages. Howard has been depicted in a variety of plays, films, and television series, including The Private Life of Henry VIII and The Tudors. Ford Madox Ford wrote a fictionalized version of her life in the novel The Fifth Queen. Sources Crawford, Anne.  Letters of the Queens of England, 1100-1547. Alan Sutton, 1994.Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. 1993.Weir, Alison.  The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

Control & instrumentation engineering Lab Report

Control & instrumentation engineering - Lab Report Example Also, the machine runs on all types of quality of clothes and has no effect on the lower quality It is also assumed that the input from the environment is the same for different environmental conditions with a constant room temperature of 25degrees Celsius. The control program is also assumed to be an open loop control system where by the input data is generated from sensors within the machine, thus errors that might occur due to the incorrect measurements are accounted for within the control Laplace transforms equation. His allows for a smooth operation with little disruptions from the interrupts to the system as a result of input values. The open nature of the control loop subjects the system to technical errors such as the continuous gain in the systems hence the project assumes they are accounted for by the Laplace transform equation. The program is expected to respond in real time to changes in the variables from its environment. Once the door is opened, no response is expected until the door is closed and a start button is pressed where the start and locked led lights are automatically switched on. This is a response from the input and a state indicator of the processing activity. All the buttons are linked through a PLC link and act as sensors in this project where the user determines the exact input values. Automatically the machine picks up the signal to switch the hot valve and the tub fillings function. The output is documented by the lighting of the light emitting diodes on machine display panel. An input to show that the liquid sensor detector indicates the tub is full and turns on a light emitting diodesindicating the tub is half full. However, in a manual setting the sensor runs automatically sending a signal to the open loop control system. After a set time expected of the final washing machine the tub full button is pressed which allows for the signal to change and show a tub full signal and subsequently initiating a

Corporations can never be moral entities Assignment

Corporations can never be moral entities - Assignment Example Other than this, the interest of the shareholders and stakeholders also need to be followed so as to improve the reputation and brand image of the organization in a market among others (Parker & Pearson, 2005). Not only this, if the business operations are maintained and controlled in an ethical way, only then its rate of sustainability might increase in the market. Side by side, its range of customers might increase thereby improving its profit margin and revenue as well. Thus, it might be stated that CSR is the procedure of continuous commitment over the issues of the organization, so as to improve the quality of life of the employees as well as the economic condition of the association. Only then, the level of conflict among the management and employees might get reduced resulting in improvement of the level of performance of the employees (Howell, 2010). The prime theme of this essay is to describe a brief understanding over the concept of corporate responsibility. It also focuse s on the fact that for what reasons an organization might never become a moral entity with the help of varied ethical theories in a vivid way. Discussion Meaning of Business Ethics Ethics is described as the set of rules and regulations, values and principles followed by an individual. These rules and regulations also help a human being to determine, whether the action is right or wrong. Other than this, ethics is also defined as the activities that might be accepted by the law as well as the other citizens of a country. Not only this, ethics is also recognised as the morals and beliefs that might be used to detect or interpret any specific situation (Wilkinson & Gollan, 2001). And when such types of legal behaviour or principles are utilized within organizational activities, then it is also known as business ethics. Business ethics play a vital role in maintaining the operations of an organization in an effective or positive way. Only then, the profit margin as well as the loyalty of the stakeholders or customers might get enhanced to a considerable extent in the entire market among others. However, in maximum cases, the corporations or organization fail to operate or maintain its functions in an ethical way. It is mainly due to faulty principles, rules and regulations and operations that reduce its chances to become a moral entity (Crane & Matten, 2007). Theories of Ethics There are many theories of ethics present but some of them might be described as below: Theory of Deontology According to this theory, the most vital aspect of human being is moral rules and regulations, which are unbreakable in nature. This theory states that, some of the individual do not think of the nature of the consequence, at the time of performing the activity. Although, the consequence of the activity may not be accurate, the individual would strict to his or her morals and values (Carroll, 2004). As a result, he or she would perform the accurate action, without thinking of the co nsequence. Such type of morals is extremely essential within the managers or leaders of the organizations operating in recent age.

Fleet Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fleet Assignment - Essay Example Thus, the spilled passengers are 50 passengers, and they would wish to travel in flight 1 and 125 passengers who would want to travel in flight 2. Since the fare for A-B itinerary is much less than the two local itineraries, the profit maximization is to spill 50 passengers on the A-B itinerary (15000 dollars). From this, the remaining demand for flight 1 does not exceed the capacity (Holloway, pp.124-178). Because the local fare for flight 2 is much less than the fare for X-Z itinerary, 75 passengers are spilled from B-C itinerary (16875 dollars). Hence, the minimum spill cost for fleeting 1 15000+16875 = 31875. The spill cost for each transient is in Table 5. Thus, the fleeting contribution for fleeting 1 is 71250-(30000+31875) = $9375. Through analysis, the rest of the fleeting as shown in Table 5, that the optimal fleeting is fleeting 1. The spill minimizing strategy for this case in every flight is to drop passengers in view of increasing fare until passenger’s number accurately equals the assignment capacity in every flight. For instance, managers always spill passengers in order to keep the higher fares for connecting

Exam essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam - Essay Example Family owned businesses tend to feel that the business environment around them is not secure enough for them to venture into the unknown (Cromie et al. 1995, p.11). Lyman Orchards is an example of such a family owned business venture which, despite having existed for more than two hundred years and been run by multiple generations of the Lyman family, it has not been able to grow into a multinational conglomerate as has been the case with non-family businesses such as McDonald’s and Target. Moreover, unlike non-family businesses, family businesses do not rely on formal planning and instead, their management systems are based on less formal control as well as fewer incentives. The informal nature of such businesses is often based on their being wholly owned and managed by members of the same family and these do not need personal incentives to work in the business because they work for themselves. In family businesses such as Toyota and Samsung, members of their founding families have been active members since they were founded and this has been as a result of the long tradition as well as personal interest that has been established over the years. When it comes to finance, non-family firms have the advantage because they can easily gain finances through making offers at the stock market (Coleman and Carsky 1999, p.73). This is not the case with family firms, which if the owners do not have ready finances to invest in the business might bring about financial ruin. Therefore, while family owned businesses are more likely than not to achieve greater profitability than non-family businesses, the latter have an advantage because they achieve higher growth levels. A family business such as the Trump Organization faced some financial problems in its history as a result of being internally financed by the owners and such a scenario becomes extremely

Sampling and data coolection Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Sampling and data coolection - Research Proposal Example Both of the said processes have direct influences on the outcome of the research. Furthermore, data collection and sampling are both concerned with the elements to be studied, the population, and what data will be gathered from them. As such, their role in market research is very significant. Careful thought and consideration must be given to the choice of data collection method and sampling approach to be used in any research. Since there are several methods and approaches available, the researcher must analyze the scenario to ensure that the right method and approach will be used. Each situation may call for a different data collection method and sampling approach. Such choice relies on several factors. Primarily, the researcher must consider the problem at hand. He must determine whether the problem requires qualitative or quantitative research. This is important because the researcher must determine what type of data is involved or required. Once the type of research has been established, the researcher must then take into consideration other elements such as the population, budget, time allotted, and the number of personnel at hand. Basically, this means that the researcher should study the resources he has at his disposal for all of these are factors that help determine the most appropriate data collection method and sampling approach. This paper will attempt to highlight the process of choosing the appropriate data coll... Are employees being managed to maximize their productivity as well as commitment to the success of the restaurant' What are the best approaches to attract new customers, and to keep and grow existing customers' To arrive at the appropriate choices, the alternatives for both data collection method and sampling approach will be discussed. This discussion will include an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and approach as well why it is appropriate or not appropriate for the given situation. In essence, this paper will provide insight as to how to choose the right data collection method and sampling approach. Data Collection Method There are several data collection methods that a researcher may choose to employ. Also, the researcher may choose to combine some of these methods in order to gather the necessary data more effectively. The basic methods that may be used singularly or in combination to achieve specific research objectives are as follows: Internet surveys / Online Data Collection Mail surveys Interviews Real-time tracking Store checks and mystery shops Internet surveys/online data collection Conducting market research online allows the researcher to gather data in a simple, easy, and effective manner. With the internet, one can create interactive electronic surveys for specific markets or groups. Also, one can create surveys that reach wide market bases through the use of the Worldwide Web. Internet surveys are the most cost effective way to gather data internationally. Using various programming techniques, one can easily randomize data gathering. It is most effective in gathering data from a large segment of the population. However, there is a tendency for internet surveys to be non-representative of the entire

Pancreatic endocrine hormones Essay Example for Free

Pancreatic endocrine hormones Essay Energy, in the form of sugar, is transported in the blood. It is carried throughout the body and into all cells to produce ATP. ATP is needed for all cellular activity of the body. It is essential that the blood can maintain the bodys fuel at a constant level (homeostasis) regardless of how long it has been since the last meal. There are three main organs that regulate the control of blood sugar: the pancreas, the liver and the adrenal glands. The pancreas produces hormones called insulin and glucagon. These hormones work antagonistically to maintain blood sugar levels that are neither too low or too high. The adrenal gland plays a key function in making sure blood sugar levels are high enough. The liver helps with sugar metabolism by creating insulin receptor sites. After a meal, insulin directs the flow of nutrients. This promotes fuel storage in the liver, adipose tissue and in muscles. The flow of nutrients during fasting is influenced by glucagon. Once glycogen stores are depleted, muscle protein is degraded, and amino acids are used for gluconeogenesis in the liver. Triglycerides stored in adipose tissue are broken down under the fasting condition. The concentration of glucose in the blood rises rapidly after the ingestion of glucose ( in a high carbohydrate meal). Insulin carries out its function and starts to bring blood glucose concentrations back down to normal, then this removes the stimulus that tells the beta cells to secrete the insulin in the first place. As a result, the beta cells become less and less stimulated and so the rate of secretion of insulin declines in parallel to the rate of decline in blood glucose concentration. This mechanism is referred to as negative feedback.

Photovoltaics in the Energy Industry and Nanotechnology

Photovoltaics in the Energy Industry and Nanotechnology Nanotechnology The field of nanotechnology dates back to the late 1950s when theoretical physicist Richard Feynman gave his famous talk called Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom. In his talk, he introduced the concept of the control and manipulation of objects i.e. atoms, molecules, at a minute scale. It was K. Eric Drexler who popularised the term nanotechnology after using it in the title of his book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology.   The term nanotechnology can be defined as the science of studying very small things or in other words studying things at the nanoscale (1-100nm). During the latter part of the 20th century increasing advances in microscopy technology such as SFM, AFM and TEM allowed scientists to view nanoparticles. A particles properties greatly changes when the particle is in the nanoscale range. This is due to the Quantum Effects phenomena. Properties such as melting point, fluorescence, electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, and chemical reactivity are vastly altered as the size of a particle reaches the nanoscale. As a result of the quantum effects that occur at this scale, a materials properties can be tuned to give a desired property by changing the size and shape of the particle. There are however many other parameters that affect a materials properties these will be become more evident later. A simple example where a materials properties change with reducing size to the nanoscale is that of the element gold. To the human eye gold appears to be a yellow colour while nanoscale gold a reddish colour is observed. This is as a result of the previously mentioned quantum effects, in this case the electrons of nanoscale gold particles are trapped (confined) and as a result react differently with light giving a different colour. This trapping of electrons property (quantum confinement) will further discussed later. As a result of the many desirable properties that are present in nanomaterials, numerous industries and fields alike have and are developing applications incorporating nanotechnology. The previously mentioned example of gold nanoparticles are utilised within a number applications of the medical industry. Biomedical applications for laser phototherapy, therapeutic agents as well as drug carriers have all been developed using gold nanoparticles. 1 The previously stated property of increased reactivity that occurs at the nanoscale relates to another specific property nanomaterials attain. As the size of a particle decreases the surface area increases. This increase in surface area has a profound effect on the reactivity between materials i.e. greatly enhanced reactivity. A number of different applications benefit from this nanoscale property including applications relating to the energy industry such as catalysts, energy storage and energy conversion devices. Nanotechnology has led to fabrication of novel devices and equipment and also many applications in a variety of fields none more so than the energy industry. Although several strides have been made in recent years in new technologies in the energy, current technologies cannot cope with man kinds ever increasing demand for energy. Therefore, there still remains a need to develop new sustainable energy technologies without detrimentally effecting the environment. Many leading experts in the energy industry believe that nanotechnology is the way forward to curbing these energy issues. 2,3 Photovoltaics in the Energy Industry Nanotechnology has in recent decades been incorporated into a number of technologies in the energy industry that utilise solar radiation as an energy source. Exploiting the suns energy is by far one of the most suitable ways out of all the renewable energy resources that exist for a number of reasons. Solar energy is free and basically limitless as solar energy provides approximately 15,000 times more energy in a year than is actually needed to meet the worlds current energy demands. 2 According to a 2014 renewable energy report by Eurostat the amount of renewable energy produced by EU member states increased by 73.1% between 2004 and 2014. Despite this increase only 16% of the EUs total energy consumption was from the renewable energy sector. The majority of the rest of the energy that was consumed came from fossil fuel based energy sources. Of the total renewable energy consumed, solar energy accounted for only 6.1% of total amount. These statistics highlight the improvements have been made in incorporating renewable energy, but also highlight the potential there is to integrate more solar based renewable energy. 3 The need to incorporate more renewable energy and replace existing fossil fuel based energy resources such as coal, gas and oil stems from their negative environmental impact. The ever increasing global temperatures are directly relating to rising CO2 levels, this is in part is as a result of the increase in the consumption of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution and peaking today in the early 21st century. The lack of utilisation of solar energy technologies such as photovoltaics (The 2014 GSR report indicates only 1.2% of global electricity production comes from photovoltaics) despite it being free and its wide abundance is largely due to cost. 4 It is the main reason why photovoltaic devices have failed to become more mainstream especially in comparison to non-renewable based energy sources whos cost per Watt of electricity are generally lower. The price of electricity produced from photovoltaics has certainly decreased in recent years as outlined in the Renewables 2016 Global Status Report. Prices in Germany for photovoltaic electricity have been quoted to be as low as à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬0.08/kWh which is comparable to the equivalent price of natural gas. Despite this figure the costs of photovoltaic electricity can be further be reduced with continued advances in its technologies. Electricity is produced in PV solar cells by conversion of photons from the light harnessed from the sun, otherwise known as the photoelectric effect. Traditionally PVs are fabricated using silicon wafer based solar cells. These wafers comprised of crystalline silicon are generally between 150-300 nm in thickness and these largely remain the main material in PV fabrication today. A variation to these PV devices includes utilising semiconducting thin films on top of complimentary silicon wafers. This method is a much more cost effective method but suffers from poor photon to electricity conversion rates. 2 The integration of nanomaterials specifically nanocrystals in the fabrication PV devices can curb some of the limitations that currently exist. First, the ability to control the energy bandgap provides flexibility and inter-changeability. Second nanostructured materials enhance the effective optical path and significantly decrease the probability of charge recombination. Thirdly and most significantly solar cells utilising nanocrystals have shown great potential as a low cost alternative to conventional solar cells. Solution based synthesis methods such as the colloidal method has a relatively straight forward process. The solution containing nanocrystals can easily and efficiently be incorporated into a solar cell using a number of low cost deposition techniques. As well as these facts copper based nanocrystals have attracted a deal of attention due to their abundance and low cost, which further emphasises the probability of nanocrystals replacing conventional solar cells.   Figure 1 below provides contrasting schematics of the conventional silicon based solar cells against the new generation of solar cells. Figure 1. Conventional vs Nanostructured Solar cells.2

Analysis of Works From Art from the Ashes edited by Langer Essay

Analysis of Works From "Art from the Ashes" edited by Langer How can a person reach back into the past and retrieve the criminal events of sixty years ago? Read the works provided in â€Å"Art from the Ashes,† and wait; wait for words to explode onto an emotionally unprepared mind with enough force to awaken previously dormant areas of one’s psychological capacity. One can then begin to understand. Lawrence L. Langer’s introduction provides keys to open doors of impossibility, to expand sympathy, and to venture into the dark corners of an individual’s capabilities. He reminds us not to mistake true experiences for â€Å"an alien world of fantasy† or to look for triumph of love over hate (Langer 4). The stories he has selected for this anthology â€Å"gaze[] into the depths without flinching† (Langer 5). They must also â€Å"discover and accept the twisted features of the unfamiliar without searching for words, like ‘suffering’† (Langer 6). His main principals of selection, how ever, include â€Å"artistic quality, intellectual rigor, and physical integrity of the texts.† The works chosen by Langer must be academically appealing but still be able â€Å"to liberate responses on the deepest levels of psychological, mental, emotional, and aesthetic concerns† (Langer 8). The following stories represent the approaches and difficulties put forward by Langer: â€Å"The Key Game† by Ida Fink, â€Å"Spring Morning† also by Ida Fink, and â€Å"Poem About a Herring† by Abraham Sutzkever. In these works, characters yearning to exist fully are placed in critical situations where they are always faced with the constant anticipation of death. The striking shortness of time is an always present force facing the characters. Ida Fink’s short story, â€Å"The Key Game,† begi... ...e taking place somewhere else in the dark depths of someone’s imagination. Unfortunately, it must be taken â€Å"in literal, not metaphorical, terms† that the child had â€Å"a bloody herring in his mouth† (Langer 5, 581). Secondly, it â€Å"gazes into the depths without flinching† (Langer 7). Sutzkever, to the best of his ability shows the truth of the situation. His provides images of child dying of fatal gunshots – when most would try to avoid that image. Reading these works without the help of Langer’s introduction would be enlightening, but his statements should be considered and remembered during the â€Å"venture into disorientation† of mind and soul. Since the writers of these works were brave enough to release their experiences using an art, the reader should be brave enough to briefly imagine their experiences without transforming them into a type of fiction.

Essay examples --

Edwin Blanco Eng 112 03/14/14 Oliver character analysis The novel Oliver Twist is about an orphan on the look for his true identity. During this search for selfhood Oliver comes into contact with the corruptive side of reality, eventually challenging his innocent character as a whole and leaving us to ask how does he remain pure and innocent in a cruel and corrupted place? In Charles Dickens’s novel, Oliver Twist the main theme is for to see if Oliver will maintain his innocence in a corrupt location like London. This idea of childhood represents children, such as Oliver Twist, as being innocent, but vulnerable to moral and criminal corruptions. The novel focuses on this idea by describing Oliver as a young, naà ¯ve, innocent child. Throughout the progression of the novel, Oliver is forced to deal with the gang of criminals like Fagin and the artful dodger. Oliver has to interpret their physical actions as being that of right or wrong. In this novel, Dickens wrote the character of Oliver Twist as a model of innocence. Olive r is a representation of a good person who people like Fagin and Bill Sikes try to corrupt but Oliver overcomes over their corruption of evil. Oliver is an important character in the novel because throughout his life he was treated horrible as if he was a criminal he has never seen what reality is like because he is being controlled. Oliver’s innocence is always being tested over and over, especially when he is introduced to the life of the criminal upon his arrival in London. In being raised as an orphan, Oliver did not have the opportunity to choose any aspect of his own life, but rather lived in a systematized environment where he was told what to do and when to do it and was given what he need in o... ...iver immediately recognizes it as an evil act. Oliver’s innocent and simple personality guarded him from these occurrences of wrongdoing. At first Oliver Twist is not aware of himself or of what is happening, but then is noticing what is happening is bad. Oliver’s innocence works to protect him from being affected by the criminal corruption seen and experienced through the criminal gang. Oliver is a character who is depicted as a naà ¯ve and innocent child. These personalities defend him from being fully aware of his surroundings. Throughout the entire novel Oliver encounters bad experiences with these criminals but he doesn’t change he still remains innocent and naà ¯ve. Oliver does not see the criminals the same way in which other people sees them, and it is this that allows Oliver to remain pure and innocent even with corruptive evils surrounding him.

Frankenstein’s Monster Essay

In the beginning of the story, Elizabeth who was adopted daughter of Victor Frankenstein’s parents falls ill to a deadly illness, which is called scarlet fever. Victor Frankenstein’s mother nurses Elizabeth, and she finally gets better; however Victor Frankenstein’s mother contracts the illness with fatal consequences. Victor Frankenstein becomes very upset when his mother dies. This event make Victor Frankenstein very determined to study and become a doctor and preserve life. Victor Frankenstein goes to a university in Ingolstadt to study. He seems to be in two minds about his, â€Å"departure for Ingolstadt, which had been deferred by these events†, because he feels guilty about leaving the house of mourning so soon but he is very eager to study. When Frankenstein begins his study at the university, he becomes interested in bringing people back to life. He becomes so interested that he convinces himself that he could revive a dead human being back to life, â€Å"one of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and indeed, any animal endued with life. † The next part of the story is when Victor Frankenstein creates the creature and he tries to bring him to life by using electricity, â€Å"I collected the instruments of life around me, might I infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing .† Once the creature gains life, Victor Frankenstein describes the creature as a â€Å"demon† and a â€Å"wretch†. Frankenstein can only see what the creature looks like on the outside and so believes the creature is evil, † How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? † Mary Shelley makes the reader feel sympathy for the creature by the way see the way the monster was made this fill us full of horror because the way he was made is completely unnatural â€Å"I dabbled among the unhallowed damps of the grave or tortured the living animals to animate the lifeless clay† This make u feel that the monster was born out of pain and horror. Another way Mary Shelley make feel sympathy for the creature is the way she describes the place the creature was made as no one should be brought in to the world in a place like that â€Å"In a solitary chamber, or rather cell, at the top of the house, and separated from all the other apartments by a gallery and staircase, I kept my workshop of filthy creations† Some readers may gain sympathy towards the monster as Frankenstein refers to the monster as filthy as may mean filthy as physically filthy or mentally filthy. One of the biggest ways that Mary Shelley gains sympathy for the creature is the way she describes him, this tells the reader how ugly he is and it also tells the reader what Frankenstein thinks of him â€Å"His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles arteries beneath; his hair was of lustrous black, and following; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but seemed almost the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips. † The description Mary Shelley uses gives the image that the creature is evil although the creature’s personality is pleasant. Also this is how Frankenstein sees the creature as Frankenstein should be a farther figure and towards the creature he should help the creature to learn about the world instead he is disgusted by what he has created also and only see what the creature looks like not how the creature is inside and so he believes the creature is evil. One other way is the way that Frankenstein flees his creation â€Å"The miserable monster whom I had created. He held up the curtains of the bed; and his eyes, if they maybe called, were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks. He might have spoken, but I did not hear; one hand was stretched out seeming to detain me, but I escaped and rushed down the stairs. I took refuse in the courtyard belonging to the house, which I inhabited. † This makes you feel sympathy towards the monster because Frankenstein should be like a father towards the monster and help him through the early stages of his life but instead he abandons him leaves him to survive on his own. Probably the monster feels frightened, and confused, as he is like a newborn baby unaware of anything also not knowing anything. Uneducated, Victor Frankenstein’s creation is forced to fend for itself, and find food, even he doesn’t know how to or what food is.

Methodology in action research Essay

Appropriate methods should be employed in the various stages of implementing a successful action research strategy. I have selected the methods discussed below based on their reliability and cost among other important criteria. This research in a qualitative survey and aims at gathering enough data from the selected sample. The data collected will then be subjected to qualitative analysis using the appropriate tools. This paper therefore seeks to gather relevant data from people who are led and those who practice leadership in the selected organizations. The selection of the sample was based random sampling technique so as to avoid bias selection. This is also significant in obtaining composite data that will touch on a variety of organizations that practice leadership. For the participants in this research I have chosen managers of various organizations for instance the sales managers are normally the team leaders in the sales team therefore they can provide the relevant data concerning leadership in their organization. I have also targeted to interview members of such team who are also capable of giving out information regarding to how they relate with their leaders and what they feel about their current leadership . In an organization like a bank I will target the sales representatives of customer relations officers who are part of teams in that particular firm. Data collection The first technique I will use will be the available information. This will be found in books, magazines, journals, reports and the internet. I will go for this technique because I will not spend much besides the information being readily available. But I fear that issues regarding to confidentiality may arise and I may also get incomplete information. The methods should also consider the appropriate demographic that is targeted in the research. Structured interviews in the form of questionnaires can best work for collecting pieces of information form that targeted group. This method is objective and its validity is high. Written questionnaires permitted anonymity and made me get more honest responses from the respondents. The following are examples of questions to be included in the questionnaire; What can you say about leadership in your organization? Are there teams in your organization? Does your team leader understand the needs of the other members? Have you ever been a leader? Do you trust your leaders and are they open to their subjects? What do you think a good leader should have? Do the leaders in your organization understand men and women who work for the organization? Are you contended with the leadership in your organization in terms of human relations? Do you think good human relations affects leadership in your organization? Oral interviews will also utilize because they provide direct contact with the sources of information hence increasing validity. I also preferred this method because of its flexibility besides seeking clarification where doubts exist. If a respondent does not understand well a given question I can give him an example or explain further before getting his/her response. There was a higher response in this method as compared to the written questionnaires where some respondents were asking for more time and some even delayed with their responses. The only problem I expect while using written questionnaires is that some respondents will delay and some will not be honest enough. This is because as they delay with the questionnaires some of them will go consulting and therefore compromise some of the ethical values associated with the information they are supposed to supply. Data analysis This part is vital so as to establish the relevance of what has been gathered Appropriate tools have to be used in this stage because the product will be used for interpretation I would prefer to use bar graphs in the analysis because they are straightforward and can easily convey the expected message. They are also very easy to construct using Ms Excel tools. Ms excel is able to choose different types of bar graphs that will bring out clear comparisons between the variables. I will format the graph in such a way that it will have different colors representing the views of the respondents on some of the questions concerning leadership in their organization for instance I can use Red, Blue and Green to represent Good, Fair and Bad leadership. This can be interpreted by whoever will be reading the report and reveal to him/her that the team members have a specific perception of how social intelligence affects leadership in the society. The bar graphs would be very useful especially when comparing between two or more variables. However one challenge with the bar graphs is that they will require some additional verbal or written explanation to accompany them. This will be a challenge because it will mean additional time will have to be created so as to provide the additional materials in terms of explanations. This will also result in more expenses because more effort will have to be put in.

Analysis and Critique of Research – Based Literature

I. Summary of Hofstede’s Model of Cross-Cultural Management Early management gurus used to presume that their ideas on management apply to everybody all over the world. Their notions were challenged when the Japanese became a world economic superpower, along with the significant rise of dragons and tigers economies. The notion that management principles are not universally applicable across all cultural boundaries soon emerged and began to develop itself through various cross-cultural studies, such as Lane and Beamish’s (1990) study on western companies that built joint-ventures with people from other nations, without considering the differences in their management cultures and thought that it would be sufficient in dealing with global competition problems. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation One study that stood out from the others came from Geert Hofstede (1980a), who defined culture as: â€Å"†¦the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another†¦the interactive aggregate of common characteristics that influences a human group’s response to its environment†. Richards (2001) mentioned that Hofstede’s study was focused on the differences in ‘mental programming’ among groups of people in different nations, through their collective preferences on certain states of affairs over others. His study was conducted through a questionnaire survey on IBM’s employees in fifty nations and his analysis was based on comparative data from that survey. Hofstede’s empirical study would then strengthen the belief that western, particularly American, management practices could not directly be applied on management from different cultures, which are based on different values. Geert Hofstede identified four levels of social attachments through which culture displays itself: symbols; heroes; rituals and values. Among said levels, values play the biggest part in explaining cultural differences. Hofstede further identified five primary value dimensions from which a pecking order can be established for each target country. These dimensions are: 1. Individualism versus Collectivism: The way in which people live together and the relationship that exists between the individual and the collectivity. 2. Large versus Small Power Distance: The extent to which a society accepts or rejects inequalities in such areas as prestige, wealth and power, or hierarchy versus equality. 3. Strong versus Weak Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which culture cope with uncertainty or unstructured situations, and encourage risk-taking, through technology, law and religion (risk avoidance versus risk comfort). 4. Masculinity versus Femininity: Attitudes to quality of life, achievement, assertiveness and competition (task versus relationship). 5. Long-term Orientation (Confucian work Dynamism): Value persistence (perseverance); having a sense of shame rather than guilt; search for virtue, rather than truth; long-term approach to life; and ordering relations by status and observation of it. Hofstede then placed countries within the above dimensions and found that a culture in one country makes people from that country to more likely behave in a certain way than other. This research was found to be very enlightening (Richards, 2001, p. 172), especially in paving the way to look deeper into the differences in cultural values and norms. In his 2002 counter-argument made toward McSweeney’s critique, Hofstede (2002, p. 1355) even claimed that his pioneering research had resulted in a ‘paradigm-shift’ in the field of cross-cultural studies. Later on in 1987, he developed what he called as ‘theory T’ (Richards, 2001, p. 178), which core arguments are: 1. The world is unequal and everyone has his/her place within the order. 2. Each of the children has his/her birthright place and has to work on his/her duties accordingly, but can improve his/her position through studying with a good teacher, working with a good patron, and/or marrying a good partner. 3. Wisdom is grounded on tradition. That is why human beings do not like change and will avoid it if he/she can. Trying to find the ideal model for these cultural differences, Hofstede then developed his theory T to a more complex model he called theory T +, which added on to theory T the component of change and the ability within a particular culture to modernize and synergize with other cultures through life experience; commitment to change; capacity to lead to change; and people’s learning capacities (Richards, 2001, pp. 6-17). II. Analysis and Critique The prescribed readings that followed after Richards’ (2001) overview of cultural differences, cultural dimensions and syndromes, through previous academics’ works (Hofstede, Trompenaars and others) and his own teachings on cultural understanding, essentially went back and forth on research credibility issues, including validity in the methodologies that these academics utilized in their research (i. e. Hofstede’s critique on Trompenaars’ research methodologies and its subsequent rebuttal from Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars in readings # 2 and 3 of the reading list, followed by more critique from Hofstede on Trompenaars’ work in reading # 4, and still followed by Brendan McSweeney critique on Hofstede’s own methodology and the quality of his evidence in reading # 5, which sparked another refutation from Hofstede in reading # 6, and still another counter-rebuttal from Sweeney in reading # 7). To this writer, all the above debate was focused on several key issues: 1. All theoretical claims have to be based on analysis grounded on empirical research. 2. Selection of methodology made on an academic’s research could determine the credibility of his/her research and subsequent academic analysis. 3. Research design, along with type of data and instruments to gather said data are exceptionally important in the formation of a researcher’s analysis. . The type of analysis used on a researcher’s database would determine the scope of academic claim he/she could create and how valid those claims would be. This writer’s own doubt on Hofstede’s research is mainly based on whether his sample of 117,000 respondents who participated in his questionnaire survey are homogenous, thus representative enough to the world population that was supposed to be the target population of his research on (world) culture. Unlike McSweeney in reading # 5, however, this writer would give Hofstede the benefit of the doubt on his choice of questionnaire content, which must have played a significant part in determining whether cultural differences could be correctly reflected through the selection of question items. Simply put, should the writer be in Hofstede’s shoes and possess sufficient resources within his grasp, he would probably undertake another survey-based research on a much narrower or tighter ‘cultural’ sub-concept or characteristic, which makes up a larger concept of ‘culture’.

The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang

The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang The Shelf Lives of Expressions and Slang By Mark Nichol Several weeks ago, President Obama, in announcing during a television interview that he didn’t want to inflame Islamic extremists by releasing photos taken of Osama bin Laden’s body following the al-Qaeda leader’s assassination by a U.S. military unit, said, â€Å"There’s no need to spike the football.† Huh? In American football, players have been known to triumphantly punctuate a touchdown by spiking the ball, or throwing it point first against the surface of the playing field so that it emphatically bounces away. By summoning that imagery, Obama expressed his reluctance to have the United States be perceived as gloating about bin Laden’s death. So, do you think that analogy has legs? (The stem of that expression, in turn, is from theatrical slang for a stage production with the potential for long-running success.) The truth is, the entertainment industry, whether in the form of a professional sports or any one of various theatrical endeavors, has enriched our language with a wealth of idiomatic expressions: The sports world has given us â€Å"A-game† (an excellent effort), â€Å"Hail Mary pass† (a desperate gambit), and â€Å"slam-dunk† (a definitive accomplishment), among a stadium full of other vivid phrases. Meanwhile, the performing arts have contributed â€Å"It ain’t over till the fat lady sings† (meaning â€Å"Don’t give up† interestingly, often voiced late in seemingly one-sided athletic contests), â€Å"Break a leg† (meaning â€Å"Good luck†), and â€Å"It’s a wrap† (meaning â€Å"We’re done†). Other expressions derive from a wide variety of other fields and pursuits, and though some of these figures of speech may induce groans because of the excess of their success through viral propagation, many are quite effective in conveying a message at least for now. Any such phrasing, however, is subject to the cultural forces at play at any time. Ronald Reagan would not have said, â€Å"There’s no need to spike the football† in response to the fall of the Berlin Wall more than twenty years ago, because the gridiron tradition in question postdates that event. Two decades from now, it may die out, and the expression may fade into obsolescent oblivion. And that’s the moral of this story: If you’re writing for an ephemeral medium like newspapers, magazines, or the Internet, you need not concern yourself with the staying power of current slang or expressions derived from pop culture. But if you’re writing a book, or are otherwise more concerned about the legacy of your efforts, take care in the use of idiom so that your prose does not come under fire (as the military-based expression goes) for being tired or passe. You are allowed a pass (but not a Hail Mary pass) if, say, you’re writing a coming-of-age story in which you want to re-create the zeitgeist by resurrecting the lingo of the time, but be careful not to have your characters indulge in incessant ’70s-speak, for example. Ask any survivor of that era, and they’ll tell you that â€Å"Far out,† â€Å"Right on,† and â€Å"Keep on truckin’† were far from ubiquitous. Admittedly, some idiom has survived years, decades, centuries, and even millennia: The entrance to a house in Pompeii, inundated by volcanic ash in 79 AD, has an inscription on the floor that reads â€Å"Cave canem† â€Å"Beware of the dog.† But cave this: Whoever coins or borrows an expression isn’t entitled to determine its staying power or whether it survives only in ironic or derisive usage. Bummer, huh? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing16 Misquoted QuotationsWhat Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

The Complete List of NCAA Division 2 Colleges (Most Recent)

The Complete List of NCAA Division 2 Colleges (Most Recent) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The NCAA, the major governing body for intercollegiate sports, separates its member institutions by divisions. Division II colleges are generally smaller and have fewer athletic department resources than Division I schools, but they’re larger and more well funded than Division III institutions. While Division II schools may not have the money or get the publicity of Division I institutions, many Division II colleges have passionate fan bases that show enthusiastic support for their sports teams, especially for those teams that regularly compete for championships. In this article, I’ll give you a basic understanding of Division II and a complete list of current Division II schools by state. Why Are There NCAA Divisions? The NCAA created divisions in order to have competitive balance and level the playing field in NCAA sports. The idea behind divisions is for schools to be competing against other schools of a similar size and with similar resources. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. What Makes Division II Unique? Typically, the level of competition and caliber of athlete is lower than in Divison I but higher than in Division III. There are about 300 schools and thousands of students who participate in Division II sports. Division II schools offer athletic scholarships, but there is less athletic aid available in Division II than in Division I. The majority of athletes at Division II institutions are on partial athletic scholarships. There are 24 athletic conferences in Division II. NCAA Division II offers championships in 14 men's sports and 14 women's sports. Division II Fun Facts Division II student-athletes consistently graduate at a higher rate than other students at Division II institutions. Division II is the only division that has member institutions in Puerto Rico. It also has one Canadian institution. Divsion II has 6 schools with enrollments over 15,000 and 133 schools with enrollments below 2,500. The average enrollment of a Divsion II school is 3,848. 2015 NCAA Division II Football Champions How Should You Use This List? If there's a college you're considering, you can determine if it's a Division II institution. If you're interested in a particular sport, check to see which colleges are Division II in that sport. Some Division II schools will compete in Divsion I for one or two sports. Alabama University of Alabama in Huntsville Auburn University at Montgomery Miles College University of Montevallo University of North Alabama Spring Hill College Tuskegee University University of West Alabama Alaska University of Alaska Anchorage University of Alaska Fairbanks Arizona Grand Canyon University Arkansas Arkansas Tech University University of Arkansas, Fort Smith University of Arkansas, Monticello Harding University Henderson State University Ouachita Baptist University Southern Arkansas University British Columbia Simon Fraser University California Academy of Art University Azusa Pacific University Biola University California Baptist University California State Polytechnic University, Pomona California State University, Monterey Bay California State University, Chico California State University, Dominguez Hills California State University, East Bay California State University, Los Angeles California State University, San Bernardino California State University, Stanislaus California State University, San Marcos University of California, San Diego Concordia University Irvine Dominican University of California Fresno Pacific University Holy Names University Humboldt State University Notre Dame de Namur University Point Loma Nazarene University San Francisco State University Sonoma State University Colorado Adams State University Colorado Christian University Colorado Mesa University Colorado School of Mines Colorado State University-Pueblo University of Colorado, Colorado Springs Fort Lewis College Metropolitan State University of Denver Regis University Western State Colorado University Connecticut University of Bridgeport University of New Haven Post University Southern Connecticut State University Delaware Goldey-Beacom College Wilmington University District of Columbia University of the District of Columbia Florida Barry University Eckerd College Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Flagler College Florida Institute of Technology Florida Southern College Lynn University Nova Southeastern University Palm Beach Atlantic University Rollins College Saint Leo University University of Tampa University of West Florida Georgia Albany State University Armstrong State University Augusta University Clark Atlanta University Clayton State University Columbus State University Emmanuel College Fort Valley State University Georgia College Georgia Southwestern State University Morehouse College University of North Georgia Paine College Shorter University Valdosta State University University of West Georgia Young Harris College Hawaii Brigham Young University, Hawaii Chaminade University University of Hawaii at Hilo Hawaii Pacific University Idaho Northwest Nazarene University Illinois University of Illinois at Springfield Lewis University McKendree University Quincy University Indiana University of Indianapolis Oakland City University Purdue University Northwest University of Southern Indiana Saint Joseph’s College Iowa Upper Iowa University Kansas Emporia State University Fort Hays State University Newman University Pittsburg State University Washburn University of Topeka Kentucky Bellarmine University Kentucky State University Kentucky Wesleyan College Maryland Bowie State University Massachusetts American International College Assumption College Bentley University University of Massachusetts Lowell Merrimack College Stonehill College Michigan Davenport University Ferris State University Grand Valley State University Hillsdale College Lake Superior State University Michigan Technological University Northern Michigan University Northwood University Saginaw Valley State University Wayne State University Minnesota Bemidji State University Concordia University, St. Paul Minnesota State University, Mankato Minnesota State University, Moorhead University of Minnesota, Crookston University of Minnesota Duluth Southwest Minnesota State University St. Cloud State University Winona State University Mississippi Delta State University Mississippi College Missouri University of Central Missouri Drury University Lincoln University (Missouri) Lindenwood University Maryville University of Saint Louis Missouri University of Science and Technology Missouri Southern State University Missouri Western State University University of Missouri-St. Louis Northwest Missouri State University Rockhurst University Southwest Baptist University Truman State University William Jewell College Montana Montana State University Billings Nebraska Chadron State College University of Nebraska at Kearney Wayne State College New Hampshire Franklin Pierce University Southern New Hampshire University Saint Anselm College New Jersey Bloomfield College Caldwell University Felician College Georgian Court University New Mexico Eastern New Mexico University New Mexico Highlands University Western New Mexico University New York Adelphi University Concordia College (New York) Daemen College Dominican College (New York) Le Moyne College Mercy College Molloy College New York Institute of Technology Nyack College Pace University Long Island University/LIU Post Queens College (New York) Robert Wesleyan College The College of St. Rose St. Thomas Aquinas College North Carolina Barton College Belmont Abbey College Brevard College Catawba College Chowan University Elizabeth City State University Fayetteville State University Johnson C. Smith University Lees-McRae College Lenoir-Rhyne University Livingstone College Mars Hill University University of Mount Olive University of North Carolina at Pembroke Pfeiffer University Queens University of Charlotte Shaw University Saint Augustine’s University Wingate University Winston-Salem State University North Dakota University of Mary Minot State University Ohio Ashland University Cedarville University Central State University University of Findlay Lake Erie College Malone University Notre Dame College (Ohio) Ohio Dominican University Tiffin University Urbana University Ursuline College Walsh University Oklahoma Cameron University University of Central Oklahoma East Central University Northeastern State University Northwestern Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Baptist University Oklahoma Christian University Oklahoma Panhandle State University Rogers State University Southeastern Oklahoma State University Southern Nazarene University Southwestern Oklahoma State University Oregon Concordia University Portland Western Oregon University Pennsylvania Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania California University of Pennsylvania Chestnut Hill College Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Clarion University of Pennsylvania East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Edinboro University of Pennsylvania Gannon University Holy Family University Indiana University of Pennsylvania Kutztown University of Pennsylvania The Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Mercyhurst University Millersville University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown University of the Sciences Seton Hill University Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania West Chester University of Pennsylvania Puerto Rico University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras South Carolina Anderson University Benedict College Claflin University Coker College Converse College Erskine College Francis Marion University Lander University Limestone College Newberry College North Greenville University University of South Carolina Aiken Southern Wesleyan University South Dakota Augustana College Black Hills State University Northern State University University of Sioux Falls South Dakota School of Mines Technology Tennessee Carson-Newman University Christian Brothers University King University Lane College Lee University LeMoyne-Owen College Lincoln Memorial University Trevecca Nazarene University Tusculum College Union University Texas Abilene Christian University Angelo State University Dallas Baptist University University of the Incarnate Word Lubbock Christian University Midwestern State University St. Edward’s University St. Mary’s University (Texas) Tarleton State University Texas AM International University Texas AM University-Commerce Texas AM University-Kingsville University of Texas of the Permian Basin Texas Woman’s University West Texas AM University Utah Dixie State University Virginia The University of Virginia’s College at Wise Virginia State University Virginia Union University Saint Michael’s College Washington Central Washington University Seattle Pacific University Saint Martin’s University Western Washington University West Virginia Alderson Broaddus University Bluefield State College University of Charleston (West Virginia) Concord University Davis and Elkins College Fairmont State University Glenville State College Ohio Valley University Salem International University Shepherd University West Liberty University West Virginia State University West Virginia Wesleyan College Wheeling Jesuit University Wisconsin University of Wisconsin, Parkside What's Next? Learn more about the differences between NCAA divisions. Also, check out the complete lists of Division I and Division III schools. If you're a prospective student-athlete, find out the SAT and ACT scores you need to be eligible to compete in the NCAA. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: